The Black Scorpion

​From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Edward Irving Ludwig (7 October 1899 – 20 August 1982) was a Russian-born American film director and writer. He directed nearly 100 films between 1921 and 1963. Ludwig was also one of the directors of John Payne's NBC western television series The Restless Gun (1957-1959). He was born in Russia, entered the US from Canada, March 6, 1911, became a naturalized citizen December 23, 1932, and died in Santa Monica, California. Description above from the Wikipedia article Edward Ludwig, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.